Four Noble Truths (cattāri ariyasaccāni)
From the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, the first sermon by the Buddha after His Awakening:
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The First Noble Truth: Suffering/Unsatisfactoriness (dukkha sacca)
– Should be fully understood (pariññeyya)
– Has been fully understood (pariññāta)
This refers to birth, aging, sickness, death, not getting what one wants, separation from loved ones, association with the ones one does not like.
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The Second Noble Truth: Origin of Suffering/Unsatisfactoriness (Dukkha–samudaya sacca)
– Should be abandoned (pahātabba)
– Has been abandoned (pahīna)
Derived from greed, hatred, and ignorance.
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The Third Noble Truth: Cessation of Suffering/Unsatisfactoriness (Dukkha–nirodha sacca)
– Should be realized (sacchikātabba)
– Has been realized (sacchikātabba)
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The Fourth Noble Truth: Path leading to cessation of Suffering/Unsatisfactoriness (Dukkha–nirodha–gaminã–paṭipadā sacca)
– Should be cultivated (bhāvetabba)
– Has been cultivated (bhāvita)
Noble Eightfold Path (ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga)